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SCULPTURES
1) How would you define a sculpture?
a sculpture can be a medium of object which often conveys a message, pupose, mood and various emotions. It is quite efffective as different people take in different interpretations of a sculpture. Also sculptures are a form of art and they can depict from humans to animals to literally anything. Sculptures have played an important role in history as sculptures were a main icon back in those days. for instance some sculptures can act like a newspaper, some sculptures can inform the hierachy of the country etc
2) What materials are sculptures made from?any sculpture can be made out of anything as long as it serves the purpose of the audience and the sculptor. Some of the materials used for a sculpture can be;
- recycled objects ( plastic bottles, tins, cans etc)
- clothing ( different type of materials wasted? etc)
- paper, stone, plastic
- metal, wood, etc
3) Why do artists chose to create sculptures?
artists have various reasons to create sculptures. some of the reasons can be that they want to convey a common message, for instance global warming. also artists tend to create sculptures to portray their feelings, emotions, mood etc. They also depict their likes and dislikes and make it come alive (eg: cheese). Finally they just may want to inspire people by creating sculptures
Venus of Willendorf - BBC NEWS REPORT
ITALIAN RENAISSANCE SCULPTURES
Michelangelo - PietaName of sculpture - Pieta
Introduction - The Pietà (1499) is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture by the renowned artist Michelangelo. Michelangelo was commissioned by the French cardinal Jean de Billheres, who was a representative in Rome to sculpt a sculpture. The statue was made for the cardinal's funeral monument, but was moved later on to St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City in the 18th century
Why is it famous? - This famous work of art depicts the body of Jesus on the lap of his mother Mary after the Crucifixion. Michelangelo's interpretation of the Pietà is unique and It is an important work as it balances the Renaissance ideas of classical beauty with naturalism.
Materials - the main material used was marble
The statue is one of the most highly finished works by Michelangelo.
Michelangelo - DavidIntroduction - David" is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture created between 1501 and 1504. it is a marble statue of a standing male nude. The statue represents the Biblical hero David, a favoured subject in the art of Florence. Originally commissioned as one of a series to be positioned high up on the facade of Florence Cathedral, the statue was instead placed in a public square, outside the Palazzo della Signoria, the seat of civic government in Florence
Why is it famous? - this sculpture is famous because it portrays the Biblical hero David
Materials - the main material used for this sculpture was the Carrara marble
The statue is also one of the most highly finished works by Michelangelo.
Donatello - Judith and Holofernes Introduction - The statue depicts the assassination of the Assyrian general Holofernes by Judith and is remarkable for being one of the first Renaissance sculptures to be conceived in the round, with its four distinct faces. The statue was commissioned by Cosimo de' Medici as a decoration for the fountain in the garden of the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi. the overall look of the statue is a tyrant slayer.
Why is it famous? - Judith is considered the symbol of liberty, virtue and victory of the weak over the strong in a just cause. She stands powerful with raised sword, holding the head of Holofernes by his hair
Materials - the main material used was bronze
One of the statues among the earliest freestanding Italian Renaissance statues
Donatello - Saint Mark Introduction - Donatello was commissioned by the linen weavers' guild to complete this statue, St. Mark was the first of his contributions
Why is it famous? - Donatello's sculpture is notable for its detailed realism, evidence of the artist's skills. Even the veins of St. Mark's left hand are visible as he holds a text upon his hip. The natural pose, is used with Donatello's St. Mark. The saint has more weight on his right leg, his left knee is bent, and his torso is slightly twisted. The style is much more naturalistic than the symmetry and unrealistic nature of art from the Dark Ages.
Materials - the main material used was marble
Donatello's sculpture differs from medieval works in the way that drapery is used, specifically the St. Mark's figure is revealed by a realistic draping of linen.
PROCESS OF MAKING SCULPTURES
The process of making a sculpture back in those days was a very tedious one and many sculptures took nearly 2 years to be completed. Due to the lack of equipment, resources and technology, the time period allocated for the making of each sculpture was very long. Below is the process for making marble sulptures:
MARBLE - hardest material to make a sculpture out of compared to the materials like limestone, copper etc
- aquire a large block of marble
- draw an outline of the sculpture on to the piece of marble block
- roughly, break all the bits of marble that is not required and bits that do not fit into the overall shape
- then take a chisel and break away the structure of the body of the sculpture in more detail
- because marble is a really hard substance, a lot of enery is required to break away the unused marble
- using a finer type of saw/chisel, carve the details of the sculpture (i.e - eyes, nose, mouth, etc)
- Once you have a rough formation of the sculpture, take a cloth, dab it into water to remove all the dust and to make the features stand out
- After dabbing the statue with water, smoothen out parts of the sculpture by the process of sanding
- Repeat the water method to clear out any dust
- One of marble's property is that it gives out a natural shine (shiny texture/surface), so the sculpture does not need any more polishing and it can just be left out in the sun to harden
TEXTILES AND HISTORY
Greek Garments/Colour/Design
Greek garments essentially were the same for men and women and the garments were not made to fit a particular actors' shape. the garments usually draped around the actors' body in soft folds. There were four types of dresses; the chiton (dress), Doric and Ionic over draperies, the himation and the chlamys.In the beginning of the greek culture, men woe long hair, gradually the trend was to have short hair, facial hair like moustaches etc. Women most of the time had long hair/curls and they were often confined in bags, nets and kerchiefs. The portrayel of colour was bright-hued like yellow, indigo, green, violet, dark red, dark purple and colors that were from the earth. the designs were usually geometric shapes, eg: circles and squares
Doric chiton over time
The Doric Chiton is a garment worn to the sixth century. It was of wool dyed indigo, or saffron, frequently patterned, especially at the turn of the fifth century. Its upper edge was folded over to hang down on the breast; it was folded around the body, leaving the arms uncovered. In Corinth and Attica, it was sewn together down the side below the waistline. With time, the garment grew wider and was known as the Doric chitonIonic Chiton
The Ionic Chiton is of the Phoenician origin. Most often portrayed as female garment. It was made of thin woolens, crepe-like, also of linen. It ism frequently pleated, and long, sometimes trailing. It was often sewn together all the way down the right side with the left side open. It was worn in many way by both men and women, and particularly by musicians and charioteers.Main characteristic: frequently pleated, long and trailing, worn by both men and women, worn particularly by musicians and charioteers
Himation
A rectangle peice of wool with weighted corners, slung over the left shoulder, leaving the right arm free; or worn , by married women, with the corner over the head like a shawl. It served also as a blanket. The colors were natural wool colors: white, browns, and black; or died scarlet, crimson or purple. The garment sometimes had woven patterns and embroidery
Himation
A rectangle peice of wool with weighted corners, slung over the left shoulder, leaving the right arm free; or worn , by married women, with the corner over the head like a shawl. It served also as a blanket. The colors were natural wool colors: white, browns, and black; or died scarlet, crimson or purple. The garment sometimes had woven patterns and embroidery4 Facts about the Romans ( Quick class discussion)
Rome was found in middle of Italy in 753 BC. Up until 510 BC there were no kings!- Democracy was introduced in 510 BC, Rome had a senate with almost 300 senerators (law makers, tribunes)
- Julius Ceasar (dictator - first emperor of the Roman ) was murdered on the 15th March, 44 BC
- The number of emperors during AD; 193 AD - 5 emperors238 AD - 6 emperors238- 285 AD - 25 emperors
What materials do you think may have been used to create sculptures in the stoneage
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